Word endings

When a word ends with a voiced sound, add the sound /z/.

• reads

When a word ends with a voiceless sound, add the sound /s/.

• works

When a words ends with any of the following letters, s, z, sh, ch, or j, the -es is pronounced as a separate syllable /əz/ or /ɪz/.

• reach•es

When a word ends with any of the following letters, s, z, sh, ch, or j, the -es is pronounced as a separate syllable /əz/ or /ɪz/.

• Luis•'s (Names ending in the letter s may be used with just an apostrophe and no extra syllable, for example James'.)

When a word ends with voiced sound, add the sound /z/.

• Ashley's

When a word ends with a voiceless, add the sound /s/.

• Jack's

When a word ends with any of the following letters, b, g, ge, l, m, n, ng, th, r, v, or z, the -ed or -d is pronounced as /d/, not a separate syllable.

• curbed, lagged, charged, pulled, tamed, earned, bathed, fired, realized, used (/z/), lived, longed

When a word ends with any one of the following letters, f, k, p, s, ch, or sh, the -ed or -d is pronounced as /t/, not a separate syllable.

• puffed, quaffed, liked, raked, pumped, shipped, missed, passed, watched, reached, washed, blushed

When a word ends with a /d/ or /t/ sound, the -ed or -d is pronounced as a separate syllable /ɪd/ or /əd/.

• add•ed, need•ed, guid•ed, load•ed, exud•ed, wait•ed, tast•ed, loot•ed, attempt•ed, not•ed